This review summarizes recent progress and emerging trends in multiparameter optical fiber sensing, emphasizing techniques that enable the simultaneous measurement of temperature, strain, acoustic waves, pressure, and other environmental quantities within a single sensing network. Abstract One essential requirement for guaranteeing the secure and reliable functioning of the electricity system is the regular functioning of fiber optic cable connections. At the heart of this transformation is predictive maintenance, which relies on simultaneous, real-time monitoring of key operational parameters such as temp rature and vibration to anticipate and prevent equipment failures.
