FTTR's characteristics such as large optical fiber transmission bandwidth, no signal attenuation, and strong anti-interference ability to break through the network speed bottleneck of the original network cable. FTTR architecture is built on continuous fibre optic cabling from the building distribution point (Gf-GV) via the subscriber connection point (Gf-TA) through to individual rooms. Unlike conventional copper cabling, FTTR employs passive optical splitters that distribute signals with minimal loss. * Optical network unit (ONU): converts optical signals into electrical signals according to relevant protocols and interfaces, and connects routers and wired networks downward. A key challenge is determining how many users a single OLT port can support, which is defined by the split ratio. Unlike active devices (which require power), splitters operate without electricity, relying solely on the physics of. A fiber-optic splitter, also known as a beam splitter, is based on a quartz substrate of an integrated waveguide optical power distribution device, similar to a coaxial cable transmission system. With FTTR, the main ONU connects upstream using XGSPON or 10G EPON, and a fibre cable links a slave ONU with Gigabit Wi-Fi6 to each room.