Selection of Tray-Type Optical Splitters

Tray-type optical splitters are compact, high-density devices designed for efficient signal distribution in fiber optic networks, with selection based on split ratio, connector type, and installation environment.

Overview

Tray-type optical splitters are passive devices that divide a single optical input into multiple outputs, enabling one optical line terminal (OLT) to serve multiple endpoints such as ONTs or ONUs in FTTH or FTTx networks . They are designed to be installed in fiber distribution frames, optical cross-connect cabinets, or fiber access terminals, offering high installation density, easy maintenance, and flexible deployment .

Key Selection Criteria

1. Split Ratio and Configuration

• Common configurations include 1×N and 2×N series, where N can range from 2 to 64 depending on network requirements .
• PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitters are preferred for high split ratios due to uniformity and compact size, while FBT (Fused Biconical Taper) splitters are cost-effective for small split ratios . 2. Connector Type
• Splitters are available with SC, LC, or FC connectors, in APC or UPC polish types, allowing compatibility with existing network equipment .
• Custom connector options are often available for specific deployment needs. 3. Optical Performance
• Important parameters include insertion loss, return loss, and splitting uniformity.
• Typical PLC splitters offer low insertion loss and high return loss, ensuring minimal signal degradation .
• Performance is usually tested at wavelengths of 1310nm, 1490nm, and 1550nm, with adjustments for extended ranges (1260–1300nm and 1600–1650nm) to maintain uniformity . 4. Tray and Housing Compatibility
• Tray-type splitters are designed to fit standard optical trays with dimensions accommodating the splitter module, e.g., 70×20×6mm for some HellermannTyton trays .
• Trays often feature rounded edges and pivot points to prevent fiber microbends and allow stacking in multi-tray modules .
• They can be installed in ODF frames, fiber distribution boxes, or directly in FTTx cabinets . 5. Environmental and Installation Considerations
• Tray-type splitters are compact and low-profile, requiring minimal space and environmental control.
• They are suitable for FTTx, CATV, and general optical network construction, with low sensitivity to placement conditions .
• Some trays allow custom fiber types and connector configurations, providing flexibility for diverse network designs .

Practical Recommendations

• For high-density FTTH deployments, choose PLC tray-type splitters with 1×16 or 1×32 configurations and SC/APC connectors for uniform signal distribution .
• For small-scale or cost-sensitive networks, FBT splitters in tray modules may suffice.
• Ensure the tray dimensions and pivot points match the intended distribution frame to prevent fiber stress and maintain long-term reliability .
• Verify insertion loss and return loss specifications to meet network performance requirements, especially for GPON or XGS-PON systems . Tray-type optical splitters provide a versatile, reliable, and space-efficient solution for modern fiber optic networks, and careful selection based on split ratio, connector type, optical performance, and tray compatibility ensures optimal network performance and maintainability.