Here-strings in bash are implemented via temporary files, usually in the format /tmp/sh-thd.<random string>, which are later unlinked, thus making them occupy some memory space
Furthermore, when you use bash -c, behavior is different than if you run an executable shell script, because in the latter case the argument with index 0 is the shell command used to invoke it.
From the manual: (acessible by calling man bash in your shell) ? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground pipeline. By convention an exit status of 0 means
From man bash 3.2.3 Lists of Commands A list is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators '';'', ''&'', ''&&'', or ''||'', and optionally terminated by one of '';'', ''&'', or a newline. Of these
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